After retiring from a 20 year playing career that included time in the NHL and representing Finland at various international tournaments, Peltonen started his coaching career in the youth ranks of his hometown club HIFK, serving as head coach of the club’s under-20 team. He was also named assistant coach of Finland’s national team, serving under Kari Jalonen at the 2015 and 2016 World Championships and during the 2014–15 and 2015-16 Euro Hockey Tour.

In 2016, Peltonen signed with SC Bern of Switzerland, where he served as assistant coach. He helped Bern capture the 2017 Swiss national championship. Peltonen left the club at the conclusion of the 2017-18 campaign and took over the head coaching job at Lausanne HC. In the 2018-19 season, he guided Lausanne to a semifinal appearance in the Swiss league.